![]() ![]() Atrial Fibrillation R.S. MacLeod, J.J.E. Blauer. In Multimodal Cardiovascular Imaging: Principles and Clinical Applications, Ch. 25, Edited by O. Pahlm and G. Wagner, McGraw Hill, 2011. ISBN: 0071613463 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia so that a review of the role imaging in AF is a natural topic to include in this book. Further motivation comes from the fact that the treatment of AF probably includes more different forms of imaging, often merged or combined in a variety of ways, than perhaps any other clinical intervention. A typical clinical electrophysiology lab for the treatment of AF usually contains no less than 6 and often more than 8 individual monitors, each rendering some form of image based information about the patient undergoing therapy. There is naturally great motivation to merge different images and different imaging modalities in the setting of AF but also very challenging because of a host of factors related to the small size, extremely thin walls, the large natural variation in atrial shape, and the fact that fibrillation is occurring so that atrial shape is changing rapidly and irregularly. Thus, the use of multimodal imaging has recently become a very active and challenging area of image processing and analysis research and development, driven by an enormous clinical need to understand and treat a disease that affects some 5 million Americans alone, a number that is predicted to increase to almost 16 million by 2050. In this chapter we attempt to provide an overview of the large variety of imaging modalities and uses in the management and understanding of atrial fibrillation, with special emphasis on the most novel applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. To provide clinical and biomedical motivation, we outline the basics of the disease together with some contemporary hypotheses about its etiology and management. We then describe briefly the imaging modalities in common use in the management and research of AF, then focus on the use or MRI for all phases of the management of patients with AF and indicate some of the major engineering challenges that can motivate further progress. Keywords: ablation, carma, cvrti, 5P41-RR012553-10 |
![]() ![]() Scientific Discovery at the Exascale: Report from the (DOE) (ASCR) 2011 Workshop on Exascale Data Management, Analysis, and Visualization S. Ahern, A. Shoshani, K.L. Ma, A. Choudhary, T. Critchlow, S. Klasky, V. Pascucci. Note: Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January, 2011. DOI: 10.2172/1011053 |
![]() ![]() Visualization of Covariance and Cross-covariance Field C. Yang, D. Xiu, R.M. Kirby. In International Journal for Uncertainty Quantification, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 25--38. 2011. DOI: 10.1615/Int.J.UncertaintyQuantification.2011003369 We present a numerical technique to visualize covariance and cross-covariance fields of a stochastic simulation. The method is local in the sense that it demonstrates the covariance structure of the solution at a point with its neighboring locations. When coupled with an efficient stochastic simulation solver, our framework allows one to effectively concurrently visualize both the mean and (cross-)covariance information for two-dimensional (spatial) simulation results. Most importantly, the visualization provides the scientist a means to identify interesting correlation structure of the solution field. The mathematical setup is discussed, along with several examples to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach. Keywords: netl |
![]() ![]() Consistent Approximation of Local Flow Behavior for 2D Vector Fields S. Jadhav, H. Bhatia, P.-T. Bremer, J.A. Levine, L.G. Nonato, V. Pascucci. In Mathematics and Visualization, Springer, pp. 141--159. Nov, 2011. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-23175-9 10 Typically, vector fields are stored as a set of sample vectors at discrete locations. Vector values at unsampled points are defined by interpolating some subset of the known sample values. In this work, we consider two-dimensional domains represented as triangular meshes with samples at all vertices, and vector values on the interior of each triangle are computed by piecewise linear interpolation. Many of the commonly used techniques for studying properties of the vector field require integration techniques that are prone to inconsistent results. Analysis based on such inconsistent results may lead to incorrect conclusions about the data. For example, vector field visualization techniques integrate the paths of massless particles (streamlines) in the flow or advect a texture using line integral convolution (LIC). Techniques like computation of the topological skeleton of a vector field, require integrating separatrices, which are streamlines that asymptotically bound regions where the flow behaves differently. Since these integrations may lead to compound numerical errors, the computed streamlines may intersect, violating some of their fundamental properties such as being pairwise disjoint. Detecting these computational artifacts to allow further analysis to proceed normally remains a significant challenge. |
![]() ![]() Direct Isosurface Visualization of Hex-Based High-Order Geometry and Attribute Representations T. Martin, E. Cohen, R.M. Kirby. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), Vol. PP, No. 99, pp. 1--14. 2011. ISSN: 1077-2626 DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2011.103 In this paper, we present a novel isosurface visualization technique that guarantees the accuarate visualization of isosurfaces with complex attribute data defined on (un-)structured (curvi-)linear hexahedral grids. Isosurfaces of high-order hexahedralbased finite element solutions on both uniform grids (including MRI and CT scans) and more complex geometry represent a domain of interest that can be rendered using our algorithm. Additionally, our technique can be used to directly visualize solutions and attributes in isogeometric analysis, an area based on trivariate high-order NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-splines) geometry and attribute representations for the analysis. Furthermore, our technique can be used to visualize isosurfaces of algebraic functions. Our approach combines subdivision and numerical root-finding to form a robust and efficient isosurface visualization algorithm that does not miss surface features, while finding all intersections between a view frustum and desired isosurfaces. This allows the use of view-independent transparency in the rendering process. We demonstrate our technique through a straightforward CPU implementation on both complexstructured and complex-unstructured geometry with high-order simulation solutions, isosurfaces of medical data sets, and isosurfaces of algebraic functions. |
![]() ![]() Multi-Resolution-Display System for Virtual Reality Setups J. Grueninger, H. Hoffman, U. Kloos, J. Krüger. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI International, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 6779/2011, pp. 180--189. 2011. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21716-6_19 Most large-area video projection systems offer only limited spacial resolution. Consequently, images of detailed scenery cannot be displayed at full fidelity. A possible but significantly more costly strategy is a tiled projection display. If this solution is not feasible then either aliasing occurs or some anti-aliasing method is used at the cost of reduced scene quality. In this paper we describe a novel cost effective multi-resolution display system. It allows users to select any part of a stereoscopic projection and view it in significantly higher resolution than possible with the standard projection alone. To achieve this, a pair of video projectors, which can be moved by stepper motors, project a high-resolution inset into a small portion of the low-resolution image. To avoid crosstalk between the low and high resolution projections, a mask is rendered into the low resolution scene to black out the area on the screen that is covered by the inlay. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our multi-resolution display setup it has been integrated into a number of real life scenarios: a virtual factory, an airplane cabin simulation, and a focus and context volume visualization application (see Figure 1). |
![]() ![]() Visualization of Discrete Gradient Construction (Multimedia submission) Attila Gyulassy, J.A. Levine, V. Pascucci. In Proceedings of the 27th Symposium on Computational Geometry, Paris, France, ACM, pp. 289--290. June, 2011. DOI: 10.1145/1998196.1998241 This video presents a visualization of a recent algorithm to compute discrete gradient fields on regular cell complexes [3]. Discrete gradient fields are used in practical methods that robustly translate smooth Morse theory to combinatorial domains. We describe the stages of the algorithm, highlighting both its simplicity and generality. |
![]() ![]() Flow Visualization with Quantified Spatial and Temporal Errors using Edge Maps H. Bhatia, S. Jadhav, P.-T. Bremer, G. Chen, J.A. Levine, L.G. Nonato, V. Pascucci. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), Vol. 18, No. 9, IEEE Society, pp. 1383--1396. 2011. DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2011.265 |
![]() ![]() Asymmetric Tensor Field Visualization for Surfaces G. Chen, D. Palke, Z. Lin, H. Yeh, P. Vincent, R.S. Laramee, E. Zhang. In IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Vol. 17, No. 12, IEEE, pp. 1979-1988. Dec, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2011.170 |
![]() ![]() Combinatorial Vector Field Topology in 3 Dimensions W. Reich, Dominic Schneider, Christian Heine, Alexander Wiebel, Guoning Chen, Gerik Scheuermann. In Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis (MMBIA) Proceedings IEEE MMBIA 2012, pp. 47--59. November, 2011. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-23175-9_4 In this paper, we present two combinatorial methods to process 3-D steady vector fields, which both use graph algorithms to extract features from the underlying vector field. Combinatorial approaches are known to be less sensitive to noise than extracting individual trajectories. Both of the methods are a straightforward extension of an existing 2-D technique to 3-D fields. We observed that the first technique can generate overly coarse results and therefore we present a second method that works using the same concepts but produces more detailed results. We evaluate our method on a CFD-simulation of a gas furnace chamber. Finally, we discuss several possibilities for categorizing the invariant sets with respect to the flow. |
![]() ![]() Automatic Stream Surface Seeding M. Edmunds, T. McLoughlin, R.S. Laramee, G. Chen, E. Zhang, N. Max. In EUROGRAPHICS 2011 Short Papers, pp. 53--56. 2011. |
![]() ![]() A wildland fire modeling and visualization environment, J. Mandel, J.D. Beezley, A. Kochanski, V.Y. Kondratenko, L. Zhang, E. Anderson, J. Daniels II, C.T. Silva, C.R. Johnson. In Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology, pp. (published online). 2011. |
![]() ![]() Simple and Efficient Mesh Layout with Space-Filling Curves H.T. Vo, C.T. Silva, L.F. Scheidegger, V. Pascucci. In Journal of Graphics, GPU, and Game Tools, pp. 25--39. 2011. ISSN: 2151-237X |